Mumbai Event Venues

The best venues in Mumbai for corporate events, brand activations, side events and private dining — sourced and managed by CH3 Agency.

Tejaswini — Mumbai Event Expert, CH3 Agency

Tejaswini

Mumbai Event Expert · CH3 Agency

Contact Tejaswini →

Mumbai’s venue landscape spans one of the world’s most geographically complex cities. South Mumbai’s heritage institutions, Lower Parel’s converted mill district, BKC’s glass-tower conference campus and the western suburbs’ hotel cluster each serve different event formats and audiences — and choosing the wrong district adds 60 minutes of transfer time to your delegate experience. CH3 navigates all of it.

Conference Infrastructure

Mumbai’s two primary large-format conference venues — the anchor infrastructure for Devcon, India Blockchain Week and any event requiring exhibition halls, multi-track auditoriums and professional AV at scale. Both are essential reference points for side event strategy: BKC for crypto and corporate, Goregaon for mass-market expos.

Jio World Convention Centre in Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai, India — flagship grand ballroom for crypto and tech conferences

Jio World Convention Centre

PAXUp to 10,000+ DistrictBKC

Reliance’s purpose-built convention campus at the heart of Bandra Kurla Complex — 50,000 sqm of column-free exhibition space, three auditoriums (the Grand Ballroom seats 3,500), full production infrastructure and adjacent hotel accommodation. The primary venue for Devcon 2026 (Ethereum Foundation’s annual developer conference, November 2026) and India’s highest-profile blockchain and corporate summits. Side events during Devcon week target a 10–15 minute radius from here — the BKC district absorbs the overflow delegate programme across rooftop bars, restaurants and hotel hire spaces. CH3’s Mumbai programme is built around this venue’s calendar.

NESCO Center exhibition halls in Goregaon, Mumbai, India — large-scale trade show and conference venue

NESCO Center

PAX5,000–30,000 DistrictGoregaon

Mumbai’s largest exhibition and convention complex — Bombay Exhibition Centre (BEC) and the Nesco Convention Center together span 40,000+ sqm of covered exhibition space across the western suburbs. Best suited to large-format trade shows, tech expos and industry conferences requiring raw exhibition floor area, loading docks and coach parking at scale. Home to India’s major B2B trade events across verticals including manufacturing, technology and food. Note that Goregaon is 45–60 minutes from BKC by road — side events here and at Jio World Centre draw different audiences and should not be treated as interchangeable within the same delegate programme.

Landmark & Heritage Venues

South Mumbai’s iconic institutions — prestige venues with historic and architectural weight that make a brief unnecessary. Best suited to gala dinners, brand launches and VIP receptions where the setting itself is the statement. Note: South Mumbai venues are 45–60 minutes from BKC in peak traffic — factor transfer time into delegate programmes.

Taj Mahal Palace heritage facade and pool in Colaba, Mumbai, India — landmark luxury venue for gala dinners

Taj Mahal Palace

PAXUp to 1,200 DistrictColaba / South Mumbai

India’s most iconic hotel — Jamshedji Tata’s 1903 Indo-Saracenic landmark facing the Gateway of India and the Arabian Sea. Thirteen unique event spaces including the Crystal Ballroom (520 seated), the Harbour Bar and private dining rooms at multiple scales. Best suited to gala dinners, investor receptions, brand launches and conference-closing ceremonies where the venue carries institutional weight that no contemporary space in Mumbai can replicate. The Gateway of India precinct creates a dramatic arrival experience for delegates arriving by water taxi from BKC’s ferry terminal.

Tata Theatre concert hall at NCPA in Nariman Point, Mumbai, India — performing arts venue for keynotes and conferences

NCPA — National Centre for the Performing Arts

PAXUp to 1,000+ DistrictNariman Point

India’s foremost arts and cultural institution — a 40,000 sqm campus on Marine Drive with four performance venues, open-air amphitheatre and multiple private hire spaces. Best suited to conference sessions, brand events and formal receptions where a prestigious cultural setting is the brief. The Tata Theatre (1,100 pax) and Experimental Theatre (300 pax) work for keynote sessions with full staging requirements. Located on Nariman Point with Marine Drive sea views — one of the most prestigious addresses in Mumbai for corporate entertainment.

The Atrium at Jio World Plaza in Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai, India — green-walled marble courtyard for branded receptions

Jio World Plaza — The Atrium

PAXUp to 800 DistrictBKC

The centrepiece atrium of Reliance’s luxury retail and hospitality complex adjacent to Jio World Convention Centre — a dramatic multi-storey glass-and-steel space with premium F&B surrounding the event floor. Best suited to cocktail receptions, brand activations and luxury networking events during Devcon and India Blockchain Week, when proximity to the conference floor is the primary logistical requirement. The BKC location and direct connectivity to the convention centre make it one of the most strategically positioned evening venues for Devcon week side events.

Dome rooftop terrace at InterContinental in Marine Drive, Mumbai, India — sunset event venue overlooking the Arabian Sea

Dome India

PAXUp to 500 DistrictMarine Drive / Churchgate

A purpose-built entertainment and event dome on Marine Lines with unobstructed views of Marine Drive and the Arabian Sea. Best suited to branded cocktail receptions, networking events and high-volume side events where a dramatic sea-facing setting is the brief. The combination of a fixed venue structure, flexible floor plan and iconic South Mumbai address makes it a reliable choice for large community-facing events where the backdrop is part of the brand communication.

Luxury Hotel Venues

Mumbai’s five-star hotel circuit spans three distinct clusters — BKC/Sahar (airport-adjacent, strongest for Devcon delegates), Lower Parel/Worli (corporate south-central) and South Mumbai (prestige, heritage). Match hotel cluster to conference location before booking.

Grand ballroom at JW Marriott Sahar in Andheri East, Mumbai, India — large-scale conference and gala venue near the airport

JW Marriott Mumbai Sahar

PAXUp to 1,500 DistrictSahar / Andheri East

Marriott’s flagship Mumbai property — a 577-room luxury hotel 10 minutes from Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport with 5,000 sqm of flexible event space across twelve venues. The Grand Ballroom is one of Mumbai’s largest hotel event spaces outside BKC. Best suited to large conferences, gala dinners and multi-day corporate summits where an airport-adjacent five-star base serves an internationally travelling delegation. Strong connectivity to BKC (20–25 minutes) makes it a natural overflow hotel during Devcon and India Blockchain Week.

Heritage colonnade at ITC Grand Central in Parel, Mumbai, India — luxury hotel venue for executive dinners and receptions

ITC Grand Central

PAXUp to 1,000 DistrictParel / Lower Parel

ITC’s Lower Parel property — a landmark in the mill district’s corporate transformation, positioned between the conference hotel cluster of BKC and the entertainment corridor of Worli. Multiple event spaces including a pillarless ballroom. Best suited to corporate conferences, product launches and formal dinners where a central Mumbai address serves delegations drawn from across the city’s business districts. The Parel location is 20–25 minutes from BKC and 15 minutes from South Mumbai — one of the most logistically neutral positions in the city.

Grand Hyatt courtyard with cascading water feature in Santacruz East, Mumbai, India — luxury hotel venue for outdoor events

Grand Hyatt Mumbai

PAXUp to 2,500 DistrictSantacruz East

Grand Hyatt’s 547-room Mumbai property — a self-contained resort hotel with one of the largest hotel ballroom complexes in the city, spanning 3,700 sqm across the Grand Ball Room and 19 breakout spaces. Best suited to large conferences, multi-day corporate retreats and gala formats requiring full-service hotel infrastructure without the formality of South Mumbai heritage venues. Located between the airport and BKC — a strong strategic position for Devcon and international conference delegations.

ITC Maratha hotel facade in Andheri East, Mumbai, India — heritage luxury venue near the international airport

ITC Maratha

PAXUp to 800 DistrictSahar / Andheri East

ITC’s Sahar property — a luxury Maratha-inspired hotel directly opposite the international terminal with three event spaces. The Kesar ballroom (464 sqm) and adjacent Rajgad Hall (354 sqm) can combine for larger formats. Best suited to C-suite dinners, executive conferences and brand events serving an internationally travelling audience where airport proximity and five-star service standards are the primary requirements. Positioned 20 minutes from BKC — strong for Devcon week delegate events that need a hotel-grade infrastructure base.

Sahara Star geodesic dome lit at night in Vile Parle, Mumbai, India — large-scale conference venue beside the airport

Sahara Star

PAXUp to 3,000 DistrictVile Parle

One of Mumbai’s largest independent event hotels — anchored by the 2,800 sqm Sky Lounge, a glass-ceilinged lagoon-side ballroom that doubles as a standalone branded event space. Best suited to large galas, conferences and branded networking events requiring a distinctive visual environment and high capacity in the airport corridor. Adjacent to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport and 25 minutes from BKC — one of the few venues in the city capable of hosting both a 3,000-person conference reception and a 30-person boardroom session under one roof.

The Leela luxury hotel facade in Andheri East, Mumbai, India — palm-fringed five-star venue for corporate galas

The Leela Mumbai

PAXUp to 1,200 DistrictAndheri East

The Leela’s Mumbai flagship — a 391-room luxury property adjacent to the international airport with 3,000 sqm of event space across six venues. The Imperial Ballroom accommodates 1,200 for cocktail receptions. Best suited to high-end corporate conferences, incentive travel programmes and gala dinners serving an international delegation. The airport-adjacent position and Leela’s service standards make it a recurring choice for international brands entering the Mumbai conference market during Devcon and India Blockchain Week.

Waterfront & Rooftop Venues

Mumbai’s waterfront and elevated venues — sea-facing terraces, rooftop bars and open-air spaces that exploit the city’s geography. Best for cocktail receptions, evening events and intimate gatherings where the setting is the primary attraction. October–February is the reliable window for outdoor programming; monsoon (June–September) eliminates outdoor options entirely.

Aer rooftop bar at Four Seasons in Worli, Mumbai, India — sunset skyline lounge overlooking the Arabian Sea

Aer — Four Seasons Mumbai

PAXUp to 150 DistrictLower Parel / Worli

Mumbai’s highest open-air bar — a 34th-floor terrace atop the Four Seasons with 360° views across the city, Bandra-Worli Sea Link and the Arabian Sea. Best suited to intimate cocktail receptions, founder dinners and VIP networking events of 30–150 guests where the visual experience is the centrepiece. One of Mumbai’s most in-demand event spaces in the October–February window — books quickly for conference-week side events. The Lower Parel location puts it 25 minutes from BKC and 15 minutes from South Mumbai.

Sofitel BKC glass facade in Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai, India — modern luxury hotel for conferences and receptions

Sofitel Mumbai BKC

PAXUp to 600 DistrictBKC

AccorHotels’ Mumbai flagship — a 302-room luxury property within BKC, the only five-star hotel inside the business district boundary. Five event spaces including the Salle de Bal ballroom (600 pax) and the rooftop terrace with Bandra skyline views. Best suited to executive conferences, brand events and cocktail receptions where BKC proximity during Devcon week is the primary strategic requirement. Walking distance from Jio World Convention Centre — the most tactically positioned hotel event space for any Devcon side event programme.

Fairmont stone facade lit at dusk in Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai, India — luxury hotel venue for galas and conferences

Fairmont Mumbai

PAXUp to 1,000 DistrictBKC

Fairmont’s Mumbai debut property within BKC — a 397-room luxury hotel with multiple event venues including a grand ballroom. Best suited to large conferences, product launches and formal dinners within the BKC conference cluster. The Fairmont’s arrival in BKC makes it a strong alternative to Sofitel for Devcon week programmes requiring high-capacity hotel infrastructure within walking distance of Jio World Convention Centre. Book early for November Devcon week — BKC hotel room and event space inventory tightens significantly during the conference.

Taj Lands End hotel tower in Bandra West, Mumbai, India — coastal luxury venue overlooking the Arabian Sea

Taj Lands End

PAXUp to 1,200 DistrictBandra West

The Taj Group’s Bandra property — a 493-room hotel at Land’s End with the Bandra-Worli Sea Link as its backdrop and panoramic views of the Arabian Sea. The Meridian Ballroom (1,000 pax) and outdoor Lawn (500 pax) combine to create one of Mumbai’s most visually distinctive large-format venues. Best suited to gala dinners, cocktail receptions and brand events where a sea-facing setting adds material value to the guest experience. Bandra West location places it 20 minutes from BKC and 25 minutes from South Mumbai.

Industrial & Creative Spaces

Mumbai’s Lower Parel mill district and its gallery and warehouse circuit — repurposed industrial architecture with the raw flexibility that dominates the crypto and tech side event scene globally. Best for community-facing crypto events, brand activations and cultural gatherings where a non-hotel aesthetic is the brief.

G5A Warehouse black-box theatre in Mahalaxmi, Mumbai, India — industrial arts venue for intimate gatherings and panels

G5A Warehouse for Contemporary Arts

PAXUp to 300 DistrictMahalaxmi / Lower Parel

A repurposed textile mill warehouse turned contemporary arts foundation — raw industrial architecture with a 6,500 sqft main hall, outdoor courtyard and multiple flexible spaces. Best suited to crypto community events, brand activations, hackathon closing parties and creative industry gatherings where a raw, non-corporate aesthetic is the brief. The Mahalaxmi location in the former mill district places it within the Lower Parel arts-and-entertainment corridor — strong for evening events during Devcon week for a builder and developer audience that avoids hotel ballrooms.

Soho House rooftop pool with striped cabanas in Juhu, Mumbai, India — members club venue for branded receptions and dinners

Soho House Mumbai

PAXUp to 250 DistrictBKC

Soho House’s first India location — a private members’ club and hotel within BKC with multiple hire spaces including the rooftop pool terrace, screening room and house dining spaces. Best suited to founder and investor gatherings, closed-door brand events and VC receptions of 20–200 guests where the Soho House curation signals the audience quality. The BKC position makes it a natural Devcon week venue for protocol-team dinners and high-intent networking events. Non-members can access via private event hire — enquire directly for event-week availability.

Premium Intimate Venues

For executive dinners, VC receptions and closed-door gatherings of 10–80 guests — Mumbai’s best restaurant and boutique spaces where atmosphere and exclusivity outperform raw capacity. The right venue at this scale signals audience intent more clearly than any hotel ballroom.

Indian Accent dining room at NMACC in Worli, Mumbai, India — pleated marble columns and refined modern Indian fine dining

Indian Accent Mumbai

PAXUp to 60 DistrictWorli

The Mumbai outpost of Manish Mehrotra’s acclaimed flagship — consistently ranked among Asia’s best restaurants and holding a strong position on the World’s 50 Best extended list. Best suited to high-intent executive dinners, investor receptions and founder gatherings of 10–60 guests where the restaurant’s reputation is itself a signal of seriousness. Private dining room available. Worli location is 20 minutes from BKC — accessible for Devcon week dinners without the South Mumbai transfer time. Secures quickly for November conference week; book as early as possible.

Ekaa restaurant industrial dining room in Fort, Mumbai, India — concrete columns and pendant lighting for chef-driven tasting menus

Ekaa

PAXUp to 45 DistrictFort / CST

One of Mumbai’s most-discussed contemporary restaurants — a 45-seat heritage space in a restored colonial building in Fort, serving a tasting menu rooted in Indian culinary tradition. Best suited to intimate founder dinners, protocol-team meals and closed-door investor receptions where a restaurant reservation is itself a statement. The Fort location is walking distance from Nariman Point and the heritage hotel cluster — strong for South Mumbai-anchored programmes. Devcon week note: Fort is 50–60 minutes from BKC in evening traffic; plan accordingly.

O Pedro Goan-Portuguese restaurant in Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai, India — vaulted ceilings and cane chairs for relaxed private dinners

O Pedro

PAXUp to 80 DistrictBKC

Floyd Cardoz and Anand Patel’s Goan-inspired restaurant within BKC — a critically praised dining space with private hire options. Best suited to team dinners, investor meals and conference-week evening events of 20–80 guests where a warm, non-corporate setting inside BKC is the requirement. The BKC address is its primary strategic asset for Devcon week: no transfers, no traffic, walking distance from Jio World Centre. One of the strongest restaurant options for an informal working dinner that keeps a delegation inside the conference district.

Masque restaurant tasting-menu dining room in Mahalaxmi, Mumbai, India — marble and brass interiors for intimate chef events

Masque

PAXUp to 40 DistrictMahalaxmi

Prateek Sadhu’s celebrated tasting menu restaurant — a Condé Nast Traveller Best Restaurant and Asia’s 50 Best contender, housed in a former mill space in Mahalaxmi. Best suited to exclusive founder dinners, high-value client hospitality and closed-door investor meals where the restaurant’s culinary reputation and creative industry credibility signals the seriousness of the invitation. Full buyout available for private events. The Mahalaxmi address is 20–25 minutes from BKC — accessible for Devcon week programming outside the conference district.

Retreat & Incentive Venues

Executive offsites, incentive travel and full-delegation retreats within two hours of Mumbai — Alibaug by ferry, Lonavala and Karjat by road. CH3 manages complete retreat production: transport logistics, accommodation, catering, programming and return transfers.

Private estate villa with pool in Alibaug, near Mumbai, India — coastal retreat venue for executive offsites and incentive trips

Alibaug — Private Estates

PAX20–200 DistrictAlibaug — 1hr by ferry

Alibaug’s coastline, 65 km south of Mumbai across Dharamtar Creek, is Mumbai’s premier retreat and incentive destination — 60–90 minutes by road or 60 minutes by high-speed ferry from the Gateway of India. Multiple private estate and resort venues across the Alibaug peninsula suit executive team offsites, crypto retreat formats and incentive travel programmes of 20–200 guests. Best suited to conference-adjacent experiences: fly delegates into Mumbai for Devcon, extend two days to Alibaug for the internal leadership event. CH3 handles full logistics including ferry or road transfer, estate sourcing, production and return.

Resort pool in Lonavala-Karjat Western Ghats, near Mumbai, India — hill station retreat venue for corporate offsites and team incentives

Lonavala & Karjat — Resort Retreats

PAX20–500 DistrictWestern Ghats — 90min by road

Mumbai’s hill station retreat belt — Lonavala and Karjat sit at 625 metres in the Western Ghats, 90 minutes from Mumbai by road or expressway. Multiple resort properties with full conference infrastructure: Della Adventure (adventure-led incentive formats), The Machan (treehouse eco-retreat), Rhythm Lonavala and several branded resort hotels. Best suited to multi-day leadership offsites, team-building retreats and incentive travel programmes where a dramatic landscape change from city to mountains is the central experience. The October–May window avoids the monsoon; December through February is optimal for outdoor programming.

Frequently Asked Questions

Mumbai-specific answers on venue selection, Devcon side event strategy and logistics across the city’s districts.

Sofitel Mumbai BKC and Jio World Plaza are the closest private event venues to Jio World Convention Centre — both within a 5–10 minute walk of the conference floor. The Fairmont Mumbai is also within BKC walking distance. O Pedro, Gatsby’s Bar and a cluster of BKC restaurants sit within a 5–15 minute walk for informal evening events. For mid-range transfers, Grand Hyatt and JW Marriott Sahar are 20–25 minutes north by road. Soho House Mumbai is within BKC but worth booking early — it fills for crypto-week programming faster than most hotel venues. Outside BKC, all other venues on this page require a 20–60 minute transfer — factor this into delegate programme design before confirming a venue.

BKC is the only district where no transfers are required — all side events in BKC are walkable from Jio World Convention Centre. This makes BKC the strongest choice for any format where maximising attendance from the conference floor is the objective. Lower Parel (Aer Four Seasons, ITC Grand Central, G5A Warehouse) is a strong secondary option — 20–25 minutes from BKC with a premium evening venue cluster. Bandra West (Taj Lands End, rooftop bars) adds a residential-neighbourhood feel but requires a transfer that deters spontaneous attendance. South Mumbai is effectively a separate programme — best reserved for one high-value gala or VIP dinner that justifies the 50-minute round trip from BKC.

Plan for 45–60 minutes each way between BKC and South Mumbai (Colaba, Nariman Point, Fort) in peak evening traffic. The Eastern Freeway reduces the journey in off-peak hours to 30–35 minutes, but Devcon week traffic patterns are unpredictable. For delegate programmes, this transfer time is not trivial — it limits South Mumbai to a single-destination evening commitment, not a multi-venue evening circuit. For VIP dinners or gala closings where guests are pre-committed and the venue’s prestige justifies the journey (Taj Mahal Palace, NCPA, Ekaa), South Mumbai works well. For side events where delegate drop-in attendance matters, stay within BKC or Lower Parel.

Aer at the Four Seasons is Mumbai’s benchmark rooftop event space — 34th floor, 360° views, up to 150 guests for cocktail receptions. Within BKC, Sofitel Mumbai’s terrace and Soho House’s rooftop pool are strong intimate-format options for Devcon week side events of 30–100 guests. Taj Lands End’s outdoor Lawn (Bandra West) accommodates up to 500 with Bandra-Worli Sea Link views — a stronger visual backdrop than most BKC venues but requires a transfer. Rooftop availability in October–November is the most competitive window of the year; book 3–4 months in advance for Devcon week. Outdoor venues are unsuitable from June through September due to monsoon.

Venue selection depends on group size and strategic objective. For 10–20 guests: Masque (Mahalaxmi, tasting menu), Ekaa (Fort, heritage colonial space) or Indian Accent Mumbai (Worli) — all carry a restaurant reputation that signals the invitation’s seriousness. For 20–60 guests: O Pedro (BKC, no transfer required), Soho House Mumbai (BKC), or a private dining room at Sofitel BKC. For 60–150 guests: Aer Four Seasons (cocktail reception format), Taj Lands End private spaces or JW Marriott Sahar private dining. For all formats, book at least 6–8 weeks before Devcon week — Mumbai’s premium dining circuit has limited private dining inventory for the November conference window.

Jio World Convention Centre and NESCO Center are the only venues in Mumbai built for 500+ pax at conference scale with full production infrastructure. For branded networking events and cocktail receptions at 500+ pax: Jio World Plaza Atrium (800 pax, BKC), Sahara Star Sky Lounge (3,000 pax, Vile Parle), Grand Hyatt Grand Ball Room (2,500 pax, Santacruz), Dome India (500 pax, Marine Drive) and Taj Lands End Lawn (500 pax outdoor, Bandra). For Devcon week specifically, Jio World Plaza is the only 500+ pax venue inside BKC walking distance — all other large venues require transfer management for a dispersed delegate audience.

November through February is Mumbai’s optimal outdoor event window — dry, sub-32°C and low humidity. October is transitional: the monsoon withdraws mid-month, making early October unreliable but late October workable. March and April are viable but warming; humidity and heat above 35°C make outdoor formats uncomfortable without significant cooling infrastructure. May is borderline. June through September is monsoon season — outdoor events are not viable without a full weatherproof structure. Devcon 2026 (November) sits in the ideal window for outdoor programming. For retreat events in Lonavala and Karjat, December through February is the best combination of comfortable temperatures and dry conditions.

Three primary retreat corridors serve Mumbai within a 2-hour transfer: Alibaug by ferry (60–90 min), Lonavala by expressway (90 min) and Karjat by road (90 min). Alibaug suits intimate-format estates and beach-facing retreats for up to 200 guests. Lonavala and Karjat offer larger resort infrastructure — Della Adventure (up to 500 with conference facilities), The Machan (treehouse eco-resort for intimate teams), and multiple branded resort hotels. For executive teams attending Devcon: a 2-night Alibaug or Lonavala extension before or after the conference is a natural add-on that CH3 builds into Mumbai activation packages. Share your brief — we will source the retreat and manage the complete programme including transfers, accommodation, F&B and return logistics.

Explore Mumbai

Attendees networking at a tech summit conference in Mumbai, India — representative of the 2026 event calendar curated by CH3.

Mumbai Event Calendar

Devcon 2026, India Blockchain Week, Mumbai Blockchain Week and 10+ major conferences — with hotel and venue pressure index by month.

View the full calendar →
Aerial night view of Mumbai's illuminated cityscape and coastline, India — overview of the neighbourhoods covered in CH3's event district map.

Mumbai Neighbourhood Map

Explore Mumbai’s best event districts — BKC, Lower Parel, Bandra West, South Mumbai and Andheri — with CH3’s local venue intel.

Explore the map →
Mumbai skyline at twilight with high-rise towers under construction in central Mumbai, India — CH3's event production hub for the city.

CH3 Mumbai Hub

See CH3’s full Mumbai portfolio and team — from large-scale conference activations to intimate executive dinners during Devcon week.

Meet the Mumbai team →

Need a Venue in Mumbai?

Share your brief — dates, format, approximate guest count and conference context. CH3 will respond within 12 hours with a venue shortlist, production outline and budget range. No commitment required.